Public Joint Stock Company in English abbreviated. LLC or LLC

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Creating an individual enterprise is always an ambitious project that requires compliance with all legal formalities, especially if it is planned to enter the international market. One of these formalities is the translation of the name of the company / firm, which will appear in the future in the contracts. There are always difficulties with abbreviations that carry such information as a form of ownership or format of activity. Therefore, the leaders of various private organizations are most often interested in the following question: how exactly will the name of their LLC sound in English?

The meaning of the abbreviation "LLC" and its equivalents in English

The abbreviation "LLC" stands for limited liability company. The equivalent of this form of ownership in English sounds like Limited Liability Company, or in abbreviation LLC. This translation option is more often used in the USA. Great Britain identifies such enterprises as Limited Trade Development or Ltd.

As for the correct writing, it should be borne in mind that for foreign companies, unlike Russian companies, the abbreviation, meaning their legal form, is written after the name of the company, that is, first the name, then the abbreviations - “Loafman” Ltd or “Plasticpack” LLC.

Thus, translating into English the additional name of LLC, you can transliterate as LLC or translate as LLC or Ltd. But here can meet pitfalls.

The best version of the translation of "LLC" into English

If instead of “LLC” we write LLC or LSC, the owner of a domestic organization whose members are responsible for its activities only with a specific part of their investments can have legal problems, and quite serious ones. Do not avoid legal conflicts when translating the abbreviation to Ltd Co or simply Ltd. This is because there is still a slight difference between a foreign Ltd and our LLC. Moreover, not only in terms of organizational and legal format, but also in terms of legal status.

It will not be superfluous to add the fact that the name of the company, just like its abbreviation, will be subject to constant metamorphoses, depending on the country in which it will be presented.

For many entrepreneurs, the main argument that the LLC should be translated into English, without resorting to alliteration, is the experience of foreign firms. By ordering a legal and notarized translation of an abbreviation, enterprises with a similar form of ownership receive the same three O. Here the usual logical thinking works: if a foreign company that has launched its activities in the domestic market may be called LLC, then why our company cannot name itself Ltd?

The difficulty lies in the fact that such a translation option will indicate the country in which the company is registered. Lawyers advise businessmen to translate the abbreviation in accordance with the mood of a foreign partner, although the details should definitely be written in transliteration.

Translation options for the abbreviation "OJSC"

OJSC is usually translated into English as follows: OJSC (abbreviated) or Open Joint Stock Company. Sometimes the word "open" is omitted, and it turns out Joint Stock Company. In addition to this, there are several more options for translating OJSC:

JSCo (joint stock co.);
public corporation;
PLC (Public Limited Company);
open corporation;
publicly traded company.

From "public joint stock company" (with a publicly announced subscription to shares)), public joint-stock company (abbr

2 pao

1) Law: public company (abbr. from "public joint-stock company" (with a publicly announced subscription for shares)) , public joint-stock company (abbr. from "public joint-stock company"; the English equivalent is taken from the charter of a public joint-stock company registered in Ukraine)

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Bank ratings in the risk management system. Collection of tasks for independent work of students on the example of PJSC "Lukoil", E. P. Shatalova. It is a training material for the implementation of the competency-based approach and active forms of training for graduate students on the example of the public joint-stock company "Oil Company ...

Working with various kinds of documentation, translators often wonder how to translate abbreviations of legal forms of various Russian and foreign enterprises. For example, how to translate LLC or PLC into Russian or LLC, OJSC, etc. into foreign languages. As an example, take the name of the organization LLC “Pilot”. The following options are possible:

LLC Pilot
OOO Pilot
Pilot LLC
Pilot, OOO

That is, three questions arise immediately:

Should we write LLC as an abbreviation for Limited Liability Company, or OOO, since in Russian we usually keep foreign abbreviations and abbreviations of legal forms by simply transliterating them: GmbH, Ltd., PLC., SA, etc.?

Put the abbreviation before the name, as in Russian, or after the name of the organization, as is common in most European and American countries?

Should the acronym be separated by a comma from the name?

In our work, we used a systematic approach to achieve understandable logic and maximum uniformity of application practice. Using, for example, LLC as a translation of LLC, in our opinion, introduces some confusion. Firstly, when you see Pilot, LLC, you might mistakenly think that this is a foreign company. Secondly, the LLC does not legislatively comply with the LLC, they are not complete analogues. Therefore, in our opinion, it is better to use transliteration. For instance:

AO - AO (Joint Stock Company)
PAO - PAO (Public Joint Stock Company)
LLC - LLC (Limited Liability Company)
OJSC - OJSC (Public Joint Stock Company)
CJSC - ZAO (Private Joint Stock Company) (not used since September 1, 2014)
ODO - ODO (Supplementary Liability Company) (not used since September 1, 2014)
etc.

We do the same when translating into Russian foreign legal forms. For instance:

GmbH - GmbH
Ltd. - Ltd.
LLC - LLK
plc. - plc.
LP - LP
SA - SA
S.p.A. - S.p.A.
etc.

For the translation of "IP" it is better to use the expression Sole proprietorship or Individual Entrepreneur. There is no established abbreviation or abbreviation in English for this form.

As for the place of writing, since, after all, abroad the most common practice is to write the legal form after the name, then our version in English: Pilot OOO. Use of a comma is left to the discretion of the editors.

Examples of translation of full names of foreign legal entities:

New Century Technology Public Limited Company - Open (public) limited liability company New Century Technology;

FreeTravel Limited Liability Company - FreeTravel Limited Liability Company;

NewLite Corporation - NewLite Corporation.

In conclusion, you can ask, what about OJSC (Open Joint Stock Company), CJSC (Closed Joint Stock Company) or just JSC (Joint Stock Company)? Especially since 15 years ago almost only these abbreviations were used in translations. Well, let's say we accept this translation, but how then to distinguish between outdated legal forms of AOOT / AOZT and modern OJSC / CJSC? It’s problematic enough. Therefore, in this case, transliteration is a universal solution. And if clarification is needed somewhere, then it can already be indicated in it that “ZAO means a closed joint stock company”.

It is appropriate to note that the terms “Open Joint Stock Company” and “Closed Joint Stock Company” are also likely to require clarification, as these are general types of organizations, the content of which varies greatly in different countries.

For example, there is such a definition: “Closed Joint Stock Company - A closed joint stock company is company or corporation where there is a limited number of shareholders that can have stock in the company or corporation. In these companies and corporations, investors receive stocks or shares in the company or corporation, but they can be transferred and also can elect a board of directors, but since these are joint, they are held accountable for all the company or corporation "s debts and obligations. In the United States, joint liability companies and corporations cannot hold real property titles. In the United Kingdom, the liability of the owners is limited to the value of the stocks or shares they hold. "

As another example: “There are two types of joint stock company in Oman: a closed joint stock company (SAOC) and a general joint stock company (SAOG). "Only a general (or public) joint stock company may offer its shares to the public and trade those shares on the Muscat Securities Market."

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Each, at least a little advanced user of the English language had to deal with the translation of Russian-language documents. When you go abroad or enter into transactions with foreign partners, you encounter a difficulty: how to translate purely Russian abbreviations like TIN, BIK, PSRN, etc.? Believe me, not only professional translators are faced with this problem.

Why do legal and financial abbreviations cause so much doubt in the translation? To this question there are several answers, variants of dilemmas, which we face.
1. Should the abbreviation be spelled or decrypted? Let's say the most common example is a TIN. If translated into English, it turns out Individual Tax-payer Number (Individual tax number). How to indicate this when translating a document - just ITN or full decryption?
2. Translate transliteration or first letters of decryption? Recall that transliteration is a translation method in which the original word is transmitted strictly in letters to a foreign language. In our case, such a translation would sound INN. Or is ITN better anyway?
3. Just translate or explain? The fact is that most of the legal and financial reductions are primordially Russian, characteristic only of the Russian “environment”. There are no full analogues of such terms abroad, which presents us with a choice: simply translate the abbreviation or indicate in brackets (footnotes) what it means?
As you can see, there are many problems with the translation of legal and financial terms. Those who often encounter this kind of practice develop their own style of translation and stick only to it. You can, of course, turn to forums, browse through Internet dictionaries and translators in search of the right option. However, the most reliable way out of the situation, oddly enough, is the good old specialized dictionary of legal / economic terms. The following sources can provide such feasible assistance on the Russian market:
1. English-Russian and Russian-English Law Dictionary (A.P. Kravchenko)
2. Modern Russian-English Law Dictionary (I.I. Borisenko, V.V. Saenko)
3. Russian-English Law Dictionary (William Elliott Butler)
4. Large financial dictionary in 2 volumes. Russian-English dictionary. (Fakov V.Ya.)
5. English-Russian-English Dictionary of Banking and Credit and Financial Terminology (E. Kovalenko)
If you happen to encounter this kind of translation, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the translation of some of the most common abbreviations.

Table. Translation of legal abbreviations into English

Surely, in their practice, each of the translators was faced with the problem of transferring ownership forms and abbreviations of various enterprises. At the moment, no rules have been formulated in this direction. But you can still highlight the main points and recommendations.

1. Firstly, I would like to note that each country has its own forms of ownership or, more correctly, it means different things to them. Speaking about various companies and enterprises, the following types of ownership can be distinguished: LLC (limited liability company), OJSC (open joint-stock company), ZAO (closed joint-stock company), AOZT (closed joint-stock company). In addition, there are abbreviations that characterize the direction of the enterprise: NPP (research and production enterprise), SPC (research and production center), design bureau (design bureau), research institute (research institute) and others.

The following abbreviations are used to indicate the legal form in different countries.

Plc
Public limited company
An open type limited liability company (England, Ireland and some other countries of the English legal system, not the United States) is similar to a Russian open joint stock company: a joint stock company whose shareholders enjoy the right to alienate their shares. At the head of the enterprise is a meeting of shareholders.

Ltd
Limited
A traditional abbreviation for English-speaking countries to indicate limited liability. Widely used in the names of international business companies in offshore zones. Also, this reduction is often used in the names of Delaware limited companies to hide their real legal form (to avoid LLC reduction). Limited companies in England and Ireland can only use this abbreviation (unless, of course, they do not fall into the PLC category), but not Inc, S.A. and etc.

Inc.
Incorporated
Almost the same as Limited. Indicates the registration of a company as a corporation. The abbreviation is very widely used in America and around the offshore world.

Corp.
Corporation
Corporation (an enterprise whose authorized capital is divided into shares, the form of a joint-stock company, a combination of several companies); the same as Incorporated and Limited.

LLC
Limited liability company
Company, company or limited liability partnership for obligations. In a general sense, means a company with limited liability, but not issuing shares for an unlimited number of persons; responsible only for its obligations and only property belonging to it and is not responsible for the obligations of shareholders, just as shareholders are not responsible for the obligations of the company. In the USA, as well as in some offshore centers that live according to American laws, it means a special type of enterprise - the average between a partnership and a corporation.

LDC
Limited duration company
Limited Time Company. Such a company can be created in almost all offshore jurisdictions using the English legal model; in particular, this type is most common in the Cayman Islands. The company is created for a certain period, after which it must be liquidated or re-registered.

IBC
International business company
International commercial company. Introduced as a special form in some offshore zones (Bahamas, British, Virgin Islands, Belize, etc.). It has no right to conduct business in the state in which it is registered, or with its residents. Such companies very rarely use the abbreviation “IBC” in the name, and are more often referred to as “LTD”, “Inc.” or, in other words, indicating limited liability.

IC
International company
International company (an analogue of the International Business Company in some jurisdictions, for example, on the Cook Islands).

... & So
and company
If after these words there is no indication of limited liability (for example, the abbreviation Ltd.), then this is a full partnership.

LP
Limited partnership
Limited partnership (otherwise called a limited partnership). An association of individuals and / or legal entities with the aim of creating a commercial enterprise, including at least one partner with full responsibility and at least one partner with limited liability.

SA
Sosiedad anonima in Spanish, Societe Anonyme in French
Translated - joint stock company. In France, Belgium, Switzerland and some other countries of continental Europe, the use of this abbreviation is limited only to joint-stock companies (enterprises issuing shares for a wide range of investors); however, in many offshore zones, this reduction is used by ordinary enterprises to indicate their limited liability. Due to the dominance of the Spanish language in the region, this abbreviation is often used by Panamanian companies. English equivalent - PLC (Public Limited Company)The German equivalent is AG (Aktiengesellschaft).

Sarl
Societe a Responsidilite Limitee
In France, means a limited liability company without the right to freely sell shares. In offshore areas, this abbreviation is sometimes used in the same way as "SA", simply to indicate limited liability, although very rarely. The Italian equivalent of SARL is SRL.

Bv
Vennootschap Met Beperkte Aansparkelij kheid
In Holland and the Netherlands Antilles - a limited liability company. In some offshore areas, the use of this phrase is allowed simply to indicate limited liability.

NV
Naamlose vennootschap
In the Netherlands, the Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname, the Netherlands Antilles - a joint-stock company (translated - anonymous partnership). In some offshore areas, the use of this phrase is allowed simply to indicate limited liability.

Avv
On the island of Aruba, this abbreviation refers to companies that copy the Dutch BV, but are much more flexible and adapted for offshore business. As far as is known, this abbreviation is not used in other offshore zones.

GmbH
Gesellschaft mit beschrakter haftung
In Germany, Austria, Switzerland - a limited liability company. In some offshore areas, the use of this abbreviation is permitted simply to indicate limited liability. There are also options mbH (used when the term Gesellschaft is part of a company name), and gGmbH (gemeinn? tzige GmbH) for non-profit companies.

AG
Aktiengesellschaft
In Germany and Austria means joint stock company. In some offshore areas, the use of this abbreviation is permitted simply to indicate limited liability.

The above abbreviations can be found in various dictionaries, however, using these options is not recommended, since the forms of ownership of different countries differ significantly. Any form of ownership is in a certain way reflected in the law of the country, i.e. describes the rights and restrictions imposed on the company of the corresponding form of ownership. In short, the use of English abbreviations in the transfer of ownership of Russian companies is incorrect from a legal point of view and distorts the real meaning of Russian abbreviations. This is also supported by Comments on Letter of the Bank of Russia dated 04.20.2005 No. 64-T: SWIFT BIC (international standard ISO 9362): “The form of ownership and the legal form are given in abbreviated form after the name is indicated in capital Latin letters - LLC, ZAO, OAO, AKB”.

A weighty argument to this rule can also be considered that, due to the discrepancy of laws, the abbreviation of the form of ownership immediately makes it possible to determine the country of registration of the company: PLC (OJSC) - United Kingdom; GmbH (LLC), AG (JSC) - Germany; SpA (JSC) - Italy, A / S (JSC) - Denmark, OY (JSC) - Finland, etc. Therefore, if the company is registered in Russia, due to the use of a non-Russian abbreviation, the country of registration will not be understood.

Sometimes it’s logical to indicate in brackets the name of the company with an analogue of the abbreviation in the target language.

For example: ZAO Motorola - ZAO Motorola (Motorola, JSC)

The abbreviation of the direction of activity of enterprises should also be transliterated, giving a decoding in brackets (if desired).

For example: NPP Spetskabel - NPP Spetskabel (Spetskabel Research and Production Enterprise)

2. The same rule applies to the translation of English forms of ownership, with the only amendment: forms of ownership are not transliterated, but remain in the original language.

for instance : Honda Motor Co., Ltd. - Honda Motor Co., Ltd.

3. As for the names of companies (enterprises) themselves, they are subject to practical transcription. Moreover, the form of ownership (sphere of activity) must be transliterated.

When translating a foreign company name, the following model is recommended:

foreign name (foreign name transcribed in Russian).

For instance:

Honda Motor Co., Ltd. - Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (Honda Motor Co., Ltd.)

Hans weber maschinenfabrik GmbH (Hans Weber Machinenfabrik GmbH )

Ferroli S.p.A (Ferroli SPA)

In addition, since this or that company is unique in its own way (a unique name is important for us), its different sound and spelling in different languages \u200b\u200b(when translating abbreviations and names) will look unsuccessful.

4. Russian names are also usually not translated, but transcribed (practical transcription). Although in some cases, you can specify the translation of the company name in brackets. In addition, please note that when transferring Russian companies, quotation marks are not placed.

For instance:

"Helicopters of Russia" - Vertolety Rossii or Vertolety Rossii (Helicopters of Russia)

OAO Topaz - OAO Topaz

Based on the foregoing, we can distinguish the following basic rules for the transfer of ownership, directions of work of enterprises and company names.

RULE 1: Abbreviations of Russian forms of ownership should be transliterated, their direct translation using foreign abbreviations is unacceptable.

RULE 2: Abbreviations of foreign ownership when translating into Russian should be left in the original language.

RULE 3: The names of foreign companies when translating into Russian should either be transcribed (practical transcription), or left in the original language, in some cases, indicating the transcribed version in brackets.

RULE 4: The names of Russian companies should be transcribed (practical transcription), in some cases, indicated in parentheses of the translation.

Used sources:

Great Law Dictionary

BIC	Bank Identification Code	BIC (Bank Identification Code)
GAOU	State Autonomous Educational Institution	State autonomous educational institution
UAH	State Registration Number	SRN (State registration number)
DOE	Preschool educational institution	Preschool educational institution
Company	Closed Joint Stock Company	CJSC (Closed Joint-Stock Company)
TIN	Tax Identification Number	ITN (Individual Taxpayer Number)
IP	Individual entrepreneur	SP (Sole Proprietor - American option) / ST (Sole Trader - English option)
IFTS	Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service	IFTS (Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service)
	Consolidating account	Consolidated account
	Offsetting account	Corresponding account
Gearbox	Classifier of Industrial Enterprises	IEC (Industrial Enterprises Classifier)
OJSC	Open Joint Stock Company	OJSC (Open Joint-Stock Company)
PSRN	Primary State Registration Number	PSRN (Primary State Registration Number)
OGRNIP	Main State Registration Number of Individual Entrepreneurs	PSRNSP (Primary State Registration Number of the Sole Proprietor)
Okato	All-Russian Classifier of Volumes of the Administrative - Territorial Branch	OKATO (All-Russian Classifier of Administrative- Territorial Division)
OKVED	All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities	OKVED (All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activity)
OKOGU	All-Russian Classifier of State Power and Management Bodies	OKOGU (All-Russian Classifier of Governmental Authorities)
OKONH	All-Russian Classifier of National Economy Sectors	OKONKh (All-Russian Classifier of Economy Branches)
OKOPF	All-Russian Classifier of Legal Forms	OKOPF (All-Russian Classifier of Organizational-Legal Forms)
OKPO	All-Russian Classifier of Enterprises and Organizations	OKPO (All-Russian Classifier of Enterprises and Organizations)
OKTMO	All-Russian Classifier of Territories of Municipalities	OKTMO (All-Russian Classifier of Territories of Municipal Units)
OKFS	All-Russian Classifier of Property Forms	OKFS (All-Russian Classifier of Forms of Ownership)
Ltd	Limited liability company	LLC (Limited Liability Company)
RAS	The Russian Academy of Sciences	RSA (Russian Academy of Science)
r / s	Settlement account (or r / s, in the meaning of "current account")	Current account (UK) / Checking account (USA)
RCC	Settlement and Cash Center	PPC (Payment-Processing Center)
SNILS	Personal Account Insurance Number	Insurance Number of Individual Ledger Account
SSOT	Community of Occupational Safety Specialists	Association of Labor Protection Specialists (not abbreviated)
FSUE	Federal State Unitary Enterprise	FSUE (Federal State Unitary Enterprise)

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